Posts tagged ‘de re’

April 5th, 2012

If God is Necessary Should His Effect, the Universe, be Necessary as Well?

by Max Andrews

For if God’s causal activity is necessary, then God’s causing this universe is necessary, and hence this universe is a necessary being, which is absurd, besides being contrary to the assumptions of typical cosmological arguments. But this objection commits a de re/de dicto fallacy. Consider the argument written out:

 

  1. C1 is God’s causal activity and is a necessary being. (Premise)
  2. C1 is God’s causing E. (Premise)
  3. Therefore, God’s causing E is a necessary being.
  4. Therefore, God necessarily causes E.
  5. The F is a necessary being
  6. Therefore, necessarily, F exists.

The fallacy is in the last steps 5 and 6.